1. Editorial Review & Initial Screening

Immediately following submission on OJS, the manuscript undergoes an initial editorial review by the Editorial Board. The editors assess the submission for basic structural clarity, formatting compliance, and strict alignment with the journal's focus, scope, and target disciplines. Plagiarism Check: Manuscripts are systematically run through plagiarism detection software. Submissions failing to meet baseline academic standards or showing unoriginal text are rejected at this editorial stage.

2. Peer-to-Peer Review

Manuscripts passing the initial editorial filter advance to external peer review. Submissions are assigned to at least two independent expert reviewers within the same specialized field of research (peer-to-peer evaluation). To preserve objectivity, fairness, and strict compliance with global scientific validation standards, reviewer identities and author profiles are securely protected within the OJS environment throughout the tracking timeline.

3. Reviewer Recommendations

Peer reviewers analyze the work based on originality, methodology, and scientific merit. They securely upload their assessment reports and provide one of the following formal recommendations to the board:

• Accept as is: The manuscript is ready for publication.
• Minor Revisions: Small corrections or adjustments required.
• Major Revisions: Substantial structural or analytical updates needed before potential re-evaluation.
• Reject: The work does not fulfill the required scientific criteria.

4. Final Editorial Decision

The Editorial Board evaluates the collected peer-to-peer reports to make the final determination. In cases where the initial reviewers provide conflicting conclusions, an additional independent expert peer reviewer is seamlessly integrated via OJS to achieve a balanced, definitive consensus before the final decision is dispatched.